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    <h1 id="SECTION.54dec84c-b1da-4fc4-9fef-56a4366ef3b5">Хомогенни координати</h1>
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      <p class="s4s-noindent">
        <span class="s4s-environment-definition-tag">Дефиниция 1. </span>Непразното множество <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msup><mrow><mi mathvariant="bold">P</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>n</mi></mrow></msup><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>R</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></math> е проекционно (projective) пространство над множеството на реалните числа, тогава и само тогава, когато</p>
      <p class="s4s-empty-paragraph"> </p>
      <p>1. на всяка точка X в пространството е съпоставен еднозначно клас <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mo>[</mo><mi>x</mi><mo>]</mo></mrow></math> от еквивалентни наредени множества от n+1 реални числа</p>
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                <mrow>
                  <mo>(</mo>
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                      <mi>x</mi>
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                      <mi>x</mi>
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                    <mrow>
                      <mi>n</mi>
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                  </msub>
                  <mn>,</mn>
                  <msub>
                    <mrow>
                      <mi>x</mi>
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                    <mrow>
                      <mn>0</mn>
                    </mrow>
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                  <mo>)</mo>
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      <p class="s4s-noindent">като два класа <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mo>(</mo><msub><mrow><mi>x</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>1</mn></mrow></msub><mn>,</mn><mn>...,</mn><mspace width="mediummathspace" height="0.2em"/><msub><mrow><mi>x</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>n</mi></mrow></msub><mn>,</mn><msub><mrow><mi>x</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow></msub><mo>)</mo></mrow></math> и <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mo>(</mo><msub><mrow><mi>y</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>1</mn></mrow></msub><mn>,</mn><mn>...,</mn><mspace width="mediummathspace" height="0.2em"/><msub><mrow><mi>y</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>n</mi></mrow></msub><mn>,</mn><msub><mrow><mi>y</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow></msub><mo>)</mo></mrow></math> са еквивалентни, ако</p>
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                <msub>
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                    <mi>x</mi>
                  </mrow>
                  <mrow>
                    <mi>i</mi>
                  </mrow>
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                <mi>h</mi>
                <msub>
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                    <mi>y</mi>
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                    <mi>i</mi>
                  </mrow>
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                <mn>,</mn>
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                <mi>h</mi>
                <mo>≠</mo>
                <mn>0,</mn>
                <mspace width="2mm" height="2mm"/>
                <mi>i</mi>
                <mo>=</mo>
                <mn>0,</mn>
                <mn>1,...,</mn>
                <mi>n</mi>
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      <p class="s4s-noindent">2. класът <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mo>(</mo><mn>0,...,</mn><mn>0</mn><mo>)</mo></mrow></math>, състоящ се само от нули  не е съпоставен на която и да е точка от пространството.</p>
      <p>Числата <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msub><mrow><mi>x</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow></msub><mn>,</mn><mspace width="2mm" height="2mm"/><msub><mrow><mi>x</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>1</mn></mrow></msub><mn>,</mn><mspace width="2mm" height="2mm"/><mn>...,</mn><mspace width="2mm" height="2mm"/><msub><mrow><mi>x</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>n</mi></mrow></msub></math> са хомогенните координати на точката в проекционното (projective) пространство.</p>
      <p class="s4s-empty-paragraph"/>
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    <p class="s4s-noindent">Аритметичният (алгебричен) модел на <em>n</em>-мерното проекционно пространство <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msup><mrow><mi mathvariant="bold">P</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>n</mi></mrow></msup><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>R</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></math> има следните свойства:</p>
    <p class="s4s-empty-paragraph"/>
    <ol>
      <li>Съществуват най-много (<em>n</em> +1) линейно независими точки в пространството.</li>
      <li>Всички точки в пространството са линейни комбинации на някой (any) клас от  (<em>n</em> +1) линейно независими точки. Пространството следователно също е линейно.</li>
      <li>Множество от точки в пространството, които са линейно независими от (<em>r</em>3) линейно независими точки формират <em> r</em>-мерно линейно подпространство <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msup><mrow><mi mathvariant="bold">P</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>r</mi></mrow></msup><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>R</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></math> на пространството <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><msup><mrow><mi mathvariant="bold">P</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>n</mi></mrow></msup><mo>(</mo><mi>R</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></math>.</li>
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    <p>Разширената Евклидова равнина <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msup><mrow><mmultiscripts><mrow><mi mathvariant="bold">E</mi></mrow><mprescripts/><mrow><mo>∞</mo></mrow><none/></mmultiscripts></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup></math> е модел на проекционна равнина, а разширеното Евклидово пространство <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msup><mrow><mmultiscripts><mrow><mi mathvariant="bold">E</mi></mrow><mprescripts/><mrow><mo>∞</mo></mrow><none/></mmultiscripts></mrow><mrow><mn>3</mn></mrow></msup><mspace width="2mm" height="2mm"/></math>е модел на проекционно пространство.</p>
    <p>Хомогеннта координатна система в проекционното пространство <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msup><mrow><mmultiscripts><mrow><mi mathvariant="bold">E</mi></mrow><mprescripts/><mrow><mo>∞</mo></mrow><none/></mmultiscripts></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup></math> е разширение на Декартовата координатна система е Евклидовата равнина <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><msup><mi mathvariant="bold">E</mi><mn>2</mn></msup></mrow><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>R</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></math>.</p>
    <p>Хомогенните координати на точката  <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>A</mi><mo>=</mo><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><msub><mi>x</mi><mi>A</mi></msub><mo>,</mo><msub><mi>y</mi><mi>A</mi></msub><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow></math> в Евклидовото подпространство <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><msup><mi mathvariant="bold">E</mi><mn>2</mn></msup></mrow><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>R</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></math> на проекционното пространство <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msup><mrow><mmultiscripts><mrow><mi mathvariant="bold">E</mi></mrow><mprescripts/><mrow><mo>∞</mo></mrow><none/></mmultiscripts></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup></math> могат да бъдат определени като всяка тройка от реални числа <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><msub><mi>a</mi><mn>1</mn></msub><mo>,</mo><msub><mi>a</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mo>,</mo><msub><mi>a</mi><mn>0</mn></msub><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mo>,</mo><msub><mi>a</mi><mn>0</mn></msub><mo>≠</mo><mn>0</mn></mrow></math>, за която е в сила </p>
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            <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="block">
              <mrow>
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                  <mi>x</mi>
                  <mi>A</mi>
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                <mo>=</mo>
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                    <mn>0</mn>
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    <p class="s4s-noindent">Всяка реална точка в проекционната равнина <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mmultiscripts><mrow><msup><mi>E</mi><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup></mrow><mprescripts/><mrow><mo>∞</mo></mrow><none/></mmultiscripts><mspace width="2mm" height="2mm"/></math>има ненулева координата <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><msub><mi>a</mi><mn>0</mn></msub></mrow></math>.</p>
    <p>Нормалната форма на хомогенните координати на реалната точка <em>A</em> е тройката от реални числа <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>A</mi><mo>=</mo><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><msub><mi>x</mi><mi>A</mi></msub><mo>,</mo><msub><mi>y</mi><mi>A</mi></msub><mo>,</mo><mn>1</mn><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow></math>.</p>
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            <td align="center" class="s4s-figure-numbered">
              <span class="s4s-figure-number">Фигура 1: </span>Хомогенни координати на идеалната точка (direction)</td>
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    <p>Представител на вектора (direction) <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi mathvariant="bold">a</mi><mo>=</mo><mover><mrow><mi>B</mi><mi>C</mi></mrow><mo>→</mo></mover></math> е ориентирания линеен сегмент, определен от реалните крайни точки <em>B</em> и <em>C. </em>Хомогенните координати на направлението (direction) <strong>a</strong>, представящо идеалната точка <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mmultiscripts><mrow><mi>U</mi></mrow><mprescripts/><mrow><mo>∞</mo></mrow><none/></mmultiscripts></math>, могат да бъдат получени от хомогенните координати на избраните крайни точки на представителния вектор.</p>
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                <mn>,</mn>
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                </msub>
                <mn>,</mn>
                <mn>0</mn>
                <mo>)</mo>
                <mo>=</mo>
                <mi>C</mi>
                <mo>−</mo>
                <mi>B</mi>
                <mo>=</mo>
                <mo>(</mo>
                <msub>
                  <mi>x</mi>
                  <mi>C</mi>
                </msub>
                <mn>,</mn>
                <msub>
                  <mi>y</mi>
                  <mi>C</mi>
                </msub>
                <mn>,</mn>
                <mn>1</mn>
                <mo>)</mo>
                <mo>−</mo>
                <mo>(</mo>
                <msub>
                  <mi>x</mi>
                  <mi>B</mi>
                </msub>
                <mn>,</mn>
                <msub>
                  <mi>y</mi>
                  <mi>B</mi>
                </msub>
                <mn>,</mn>
                <mn>1</mn>
                <mo>)</mo>
                <mo>=</mo>
              </mrow>
            </math>
          </td>
        </tr>
      </tbody>
    </table>
    <table width="95%" class="s4s-eq">
      <tbody>
        <tr>
          <td align="center">
            <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="block">
              <mrow>
                <mo>=</mo>
                <mo>(</mo>
                <msub>
                  <mi>x</mi>
                  <mi>C</mi>
                </msub>
                <mo>−</mo>
                <msub>
                  <mi>x</mi>
                  <mi>B</mi>
                </msub>
                <mo>,</mo>
                <msub>
                  <mi>y</mi>
                  <mi>C</mi>
                </msub>
                <mo>−</mo>
                <msub>
                  <mi>y</mi>
                  <mi>B</mi>
                </msub>
                <mn>,</mn>
                <mn>0</mn>
                <mo>)</mo>
                <mo>=</mo>
                <mo>(</mo>
                <msub>
                  <mi>x</mi>
                  <mi>U</mi>
                </msub>
                <mo>,</mo>
                <msub>
                  <mi>y</mi>
                  <mi>U</mi>
                </msub>
                <mn>,</mn>
                <mn>0</mn>
                <mo>)</mo>
                <mo>=</mo>
                <mmultiscripts>
                  <mrow>
                    <mi>U</mi>
                  </mrow>
                  <mprescripts/>
                  <mrow>
                    <mo>∞</mo>
                  </mrow>
                  <none/>
                </mmultiscripts>
              </mrow>
            </math>
          </td>
        </tr>
      </tbody>
    </table>
    <p class="s4s-noindent">Хомогенните координати на идеалнта точка в проекционнат равнина <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mmultiscripts><mrow><msup><mi>E</mi><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup></mrow><mprescripts/><mrow><mo>∞</mo></mrow><none/></mmultiscripts><mspace width="2mm" height="2mm"/></math>образуват тройка от реални числа</p>
    <table width="95%" class="s4s-eq">
      <tbody>
        <tr>
          <td align="center">
            <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="block">
              <mrow>
                <mo>(</mo>
                <msub>
                  <mi>x</mi>
                  <mi>U</mi>
                </msub>
                <mo>,</mo>
                <msub>
                  <mi>y</mi>
                  <mi>U</mi>
                </msub>
                <mo>,</mo>
                <mn>0</mn>
                <mo>)</mo>
                <mo>=</mo>
                <mi>h</mi>
                <mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
                <msub>
                  <mi>x</mi>
                  <mi>a</mi>
                </msub>
                <mo>,</mo>
                <msub>
                  <mi>y</mi>
                  <mi>a</mi>
                </msub>
                <mo>,</mo>
                <mn>0</mn>
                <mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
                <mo>,</mo>
                <mi>h</mi>
                <mo>≠</mo>
                <mn>0</mn>
              </mrow>
            </math>
          </td>
        </tr>
      </tbody>
    </table>
    <p class="s4s-noindent">където <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><msub><mi>x</mi><mi>a</mi></msub><mo>,</mo><msub><mi>y</mi><mi>a</mi></msub></mrow></math> са декартовите координати на идеалната точка (direction) chosen representative vector.</p>
    <p class="s4s-empty-paragraph"/>
    <p>Хомогенните координати на точката <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>A</mi><mo>=</mo><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><msub><mi>x</mi><mi>A</mi></msub><mo>,</mo><msub><mi>y</mi><mi>A</mi></msub><mn>,</mn><msub><mrow><mi>z</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>A</mi></mrow></msub><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow></math> в Евклидовото подпространство <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><msup><mi mathvariant="bold">E</mi><mrow><mn>3</mn></mrow></msup></mrow><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>R</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></math> на проекционното пространство <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msup><mrow><mmultiscripts><mrow><mi mathvariant="bold">E</mi></mrow><mprescripts/><mrow><mo>∞</mo></mrow><none/></mmultiscripts></mrow><mrow><mn>3</mn></mrow></msup></math> могат да бъдат определени от всяка четворка от реални числа <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><msub><mi>a</mi><mn>1</mn></msub><mo>,</mo><msub><mi>a</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mo>,</mo><msub><mrow><mi>a</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>3,</mn></mrow></msub><msub><mi>a</mi><mn>0</mn></msub><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mo>,</mo><msub><mi>a</mi><mn>0</mn></msub><mo>≠</mo><mn>0</mn></mrow></math>, за която е в сила</p>
    <table width="95%" class="s4s-eq">
      <tbody>
        <tr>
          <td align="center">
            <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="block">
              <mrow>
                <msub>
                  <mi>x</mi>
                  <mi>A</mi>
                </msub>
                <mo>=</mo>
                <mfrac>
                  <msub>
                    <mi>a</mi>
                    <mn>1</mn>
                  </msub>
                  <msub>
                    <mi>a</mi>
                    <mn>0</mn>
                  </msub>
                </mfrac>
                <mo>,</mo>
                <mspace width="mediummathspace" height="0.2em"/>
                <mspace width="mediummathspace" height="0.2em"/>
                <msub>
                  <mi>y</mi>
                  <mi>A</mi>
                </msub>
                <mo>=</mo>
                <mfrac>
                  <msub>
                    <mi>a</mi>
                    <mn>2</mn>
                  </msub>
                  <msub>
                    <mi>a</mi>
                    <mn>0</mn>
                  </msub>
                </mfrac>
                <mn>,</mn>
                <mspace width="2mm" height="2mm"/>
                <mspace width="mediummathspace" height="0.2em"/>
                <msub>
                  <mrow>
                    <mi>z</mi>
                  </mrow>
                  <mrow>
                    <mi>A</mi>
                  </mrow>
                </msub>
                <mo>=</mo>
                <mfrac>
                  <mrow>
                    <msub>
                      <mrow>
                        <mi>a</mi>
                      </mrow>
                      <mrow>
                        <mn>3</mn>
                      </mrow>
                    </msub>
                  </mrow>
                  <mrow>
                    <msub>
                      <mrow>
                        <mi>a</mi>
                      </mrow>
                      <mrow>
                        <mn>0</mn>
                      </mrow>
                    </msub>
                  </mrow>
                </mfrac>
              </mrow>
            </math>
          </td>
        </tr>
      </tbody>
    </table>
    <p class="s4s-noindent">Всяка реална точка в проекционното пространство <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mmultiscripts><mrow><msup><mi>E</mi><mrow><mn>3</mn></mrow></msup></mrow><mprescripts/><mrow><mo>∞</mo></mrow><none/></mmultiscripts><mspace width="2mm" height="2mm"/></math>има ненулева координата <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><msub><mi>a</mi><mn>0</mn></msub></mrow></math>.</p>
    <p>Нормалната форма на хомогенните координати на реалната точка <em>A</em> е четворката от реални числа  <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>A</mi><mo>=</mo><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><msub><mi>x</mi><mi>A</mi></msub><mo>,</mo><msub><mi>y</mi><mi>A</mi></msub><mo>,</mo><msub><mrow><mi>z</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>A</mi></mrow></msub><mn>,</mn><mn>1</mn><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow></math>.</p>
    <p class="s4s-empty-paragraph"/>
    <div class="s4s-table-center">
      <table class="s4s-figure">
        <tbody>
          <tr>
            <td align="center">
              <img src="coord5_bg_files/obr10.gif" alt="obr10"/>
            </td>
          </tr>
          <tr>
            <td align="center" class="s4s-figure-numbered">
              <span class="s4s-figure-number">Фигура 2: </span>Координати на вектор</td>
          </tr>
        </tbody>
      </table>
    </div>
    <p class="s4s-empty-paragraph"/>
    <p>Представител на вектора (направлението) (direction) <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi mathvariant="bold">a</mi><mo>=</mo><mover><mrow><mi>B</mi><mi>C</mi></mrow><mo>→</mo></mover></math> е ориентирания линеен сегмент, определен от реалните крайни точки <em>B</em> и <em>C. </em>Хомогенните координати на направлението <strong>a</strong>, представящо идеалната точка <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mmultiscripts><mrow><mi>U</mi></mrow><mprescripts/><mrow><mo>∞</mo></mrow><none/></mmultiscripts></math>, могат да бъдат получени от хомогенните координати на крайните точки на избрания представителен вектор.</p>
    <table width="95%" class="s4s-eq">
      <tbody>
        <tr>
          <td align="center">
            <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="block">
              <mrow>
                <mi mathvariant="bold">a</mi>
                <mo>=</mo>
                <mo>(</mo>
                <msub>
                  <mi>x</mi>
                  <mi>a</mi>
                </msub>
                <mn>,</mn>
                <mspace width="2mm" height="2mm"/>
                <msub>
                  <mi>y</mi>
                  <mi>a</mi>
                </msub>
                <mn>,</mn>
                <mspace width="2mm" height="2mm"/>
                <msub>
                  <mrow>
                    <mi>z</mi>
                  </mrow>
                  <mrow>
                    <mi>a</mi>
                  </mrow>
                </msub>
                <mn>,</mn>
                <mn>0</mn>
                <mo>)</mo>
                <mo>=</mo>
                <mi>C</mi>
                <mo>−</mo>
                <mi>B</mi>
                <mo>=</mo>
                <mo>(</mo>
                <msub>
                  <mi>x</mi>
                  <mi>C</mi>
                </msub>
                <mn>,</mn>
                <mspace width="2mm" height="2mm"/>
                <msub>
                  <mi>y</mi>
                  <mi>C</mi>
                </msub>
                <mn>,</mn>
                <mspace width="2mm" height="2mm"/>
                <msub>
                  <mrow>
                    <mi>z</mi>
                  </mrow>
                  <mrow>
                    <mi>C</mi>
                  </mrow>
                </msub>
                <mn>,</mn>
                <mn>1</mn>
                <mo>)</mo>
                <mo>−</mo>
                <mo>(</mo>
                <msub>
                  <mi>x</mi>
                  <mi>B</mi>
                </msub>
                <mn>,</mn>
                <mspace width="2mm" height="2mm"/>
                <msub>
                  <mi>y</mi>
                  <mi>B</mi>
                </msub>
                <mn>,</mn>
                <mspace width="2mm" height="2mm"/>
                <msub>
                  <mrow>
                    <mi>z</mi>
                  </mrow>
                  <mrow>
                    <mi>C</mi>
                  </mrow>
                </msub>
                <mn>,</mn>
                <mn>1</mn>
                <mo>)</mo>
                <mo>=</mo>
              </mrow>
            </math>
          </td>
        </tr>
      </tbody>
    </table>
    <table width="95%" class="s4s-eq">
      <tbody>
        <tr>
          <td align="center">
            <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="block">
              <mrow>
                <mo>=</mo>
                <mo>(</mo>
                <msub>
                  <mi>x</mi>
                  <mi>C</mi>
                </msub>
                <mo>−</mo>
                <msub>
                  <mi>x</mi>
                  <mi>B</mi>
                </msub>
                <mo>,</mo>
                <msub>
                  <mi>y</mi>
                  <mi>C</mi>
                </msub>
                <mo>−</mo>
                <msub>
                  <mi>y</mi>
                  <mi>B</mi>
                </msub>
                <mn>,</mn>
                <mspace width="2mm" height="2mm"/>
                <msub>
                  <mrow>
                    <mi>z</mi>
                  </mrow>
                  <mrow>
                    <mi>C</mi>
                  </mrow>
                </msub>
                <mo>−</mo>
                <msub>
                  <mrow>
                    <mi>z</mi>
                  </mrow>
                  <mrow>
                    <mi>B</mi>
                  </mrow>
                </msub>
                <mn>,</mn>
                <mn>0</mn>
                <mo>)</mo>
                <mo>=</mo>
                <mo>(</mo>
                <msub>
                  <mi>x</mi>
                  <mi>U</mi>
                </msub>
                <mo>,</mo>
                <msub>
                  <mi>y</mi>
                  <mi>U</mi>
                </msub>
                <mn>,</mn>
                <mspace width="2mm" height="2mm"/>
                <msub>
                  <mrow>
                    <mi>z</mi>
                  </mrow>
                  <mrow>
                    <mi>U</mi>
                  </mrow>
                </msub>
                <mn>,</mn>
                <mn>0</mn>
                <mo>)</mo>
                <mo>=</mo>
                <mmultiscripts>
                  <mrow>
                    <mi>U</mi>
                  </mrow>
                  <mprescripts/>
                  <mrow>
                    <mo>∞</mo>
                  </mrow>
                  <none/>
                </mmultiscripts>
              </mrow>
            </math>
          </td>
        </tr>
      </tbody>
    </table>
    <p class="s4s-noindent">Хомогенните координати на идеалната точка в проекционна равнина <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mmultiscripts><mrow><msup><mi>E</mi><mrow><mn>3</mn></mrow></msup></mrow><mprescripts/><mrow><mo>∞</mo></mrow><none/></mmultiscripts><mspace width="2mm" height="2mm"/></math>образуват тройка от реални числа</p>
    <table width="95%" class="s4s-eq">
      <tbody>
        <tr>
          <td align="center">
            <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="block">
              <mrow>
                <mo>(</mo>
                <msub>
                  <mi>x</mi>
                  <mi>U</mi>
                </msub>
                <mo>,</mo>
                <msub>
                  <mi>y</mi>
                  <mi>U</mi>
                </msub>
                <mo>,</mo>
                <msub>
                  <mrow>
                    <mi>z</mi>
                  </mrow>
                  <mrow>
                    <mi>U</mi>
                  </mrow>
                </msub>
                <mn>,</mn>
                <mn>0</mn>
                <mo>)</mo>
                <mo>=</mo>
                <mi>h</mi>
                <mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
                <msub>
                  <mi>x</mi>
                  <mi>a</mi>
                </msub>
                <mo>,</mo>
                <msub>
                  <mi>y</mi>
                  <mi>a</mi>
                </msub>
                <mo>,</mo>
                <msub>
                  <mrow>
                    <mi>z</mi>
                  </mrow>
                  <mrow>
                    <mi>a</mi>
                  </mrow>
                </msub>
                <mn>,</mn>
                <mn>0</mn>
                <mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
                <mo>,</mo>
                <mi>h</mi>
                <mo>≠</mo>
                <mn>0</mn>
              </mrow>
            </math>
          </td>
        </tr>
      </tbody>
    </table>
    <p class="s4s-noindent">където <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><msub><mi>x</mi><mi>a</mi></msub><mo>,</mo><msub><mi>y</mi><mrow><mi>a</mi></mrow></msub><mn>,</mn><mspace width="2mm" height="2mm"/><msub><mrow><mi>z</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>a</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></math> са декартовите координати на идеалната точка (направление) на избрания представител.</p>
    <p class="s4s-empty-paragraph"/>
    <div class="s4s-table-center">
      <table class="s4s-figure">
        <tbody>
          <tr>
            <td align="center">
              <img src="coord5_bg_files/obr11.gif" alt="obr11"/>
            </td>
          </tr>
          <tr>
            <td align="center" class="s4s-figure-numbered">
              <span class="s4s-figure-number">Фигура 3: </span>Хомогенни координати на идеалната точка</td>
          </tr>
        </tbody>
      </table>
    </div>
     </body>
</html>